1. Chandrayaan 1(2008) which has made 3,400 orbits around the Moon in 312 days revealed the existence of water molecules near the moon’s south pole
2. Subsequent research revealed that there is plenty of water on the Moon.
3. Chandrayaan 2 will spend seven years in the lunar orbit, 100 km above moon. The images the Chandrayaan 2 captures will help ISRO scientists make accurate estimates about water in the Moon’s polar craters and also look for minerals.
4. ISRO will not have to bother about the failure of its Vikram lander and Pragyaan rover. It has as many as eight major missions planned over the next decade, including sending probes to the Sun, Mars, Venus, and Chandrayaan 3, its return to the moon, in 2024.
5. On September 6, the Indian air force announced that it had finished Level 1 selections – screening its first batch of 25 test pilots for ISRO’s Gaganyaan manned space mission. Three selected fighter pilots will be sent to Russia later this year to be trained as astronauts for ISRO’s first manned space mission by December 2021.
6. Russian space agency Roscosmos is helping India make the spacesuits and train its astronauts to live in a space capsule for the week-long mission.
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7. ISRO -European Space Agency reached an agreement for assistance in building key technologies and expertise for a safe first human spaceflight.
8. By 2020, ISRO will launch Aditya L-1, the first dedicated scientific mission to study the corona or the outer layer of the Sun.
9. It will launch Shukrayaan 1, a fly-by mission around 400 kilometers over Venus by 2023.
10. Mangalyaan 2 will see the agency launch another spacecraft into the Mars orbit by 2022-23 to study the red planet.
11. ISRO wants to launch Astrosat 2, the second observatory in space, by around 2020. The observatory will replace Astrosat 1 and help the space agency understand the origins of the Universe, perhaps discover new planets.
15. Other satellite-borne instruments, developed by the Raman Research Institute, will gaze and contribute to the learning of celestial bodies.
16. Chandrayaan 3, expected around 2024, will see ISRO and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) send a joint mission to the Moon’s south pole in 2024. JAXA’s asteroid explorer, Hayabusa 2, successfully completed its second risky landing on an asteroid this July, showcasing Japan’s precision technology prowess.
17. Japan is likely to provide the rocket and lunar rover that will drill the Moon’s surface to conduct scientific experiments while ISRO will contribute a lander.
18. In the 2030s, India wants to have a space station where the astronauts can stay longer to conduct experiments and from where inter-planetary missions to Mars and Venus can also be also launched. It will help all space-faring nations on Earth to advance.
(Source : India Today)